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Medicine and Health · Thermal Stress
Introduction
Hyperthermia
Hypothermia
Introduction
Thermal stress arises when the difference between the water’s
temperature and the diver’s body is so high that the
body gains heat (hyperthermia) or loses heat (hypothermia).
Hyperthermia
Hyperthermia has various causes. It can be related to the
temperature of the water in which the dive is taking place
(especially if it exceeds 28ºC), overheating of the body
due to the diving suit, or the diver’s dehydration.
The main symptoms include muscular weakness, feelings of discomfort,
lack of concentration, fatigue, nausea and muscle cramps.
The diver should be cooled down and taken to a fresh, shady
place. In serious cases, treatment consists in covering the
victim with a cloud of mist (water at 25-30ºC) and fanning
constantly. Cold water or ice should never be applied to the
body directly; instead it is advisable to apply towels with
ice to the neck, underarms and groin.
The diver must drink at least one liter of any liquid not
containing alcohol for every Kg. lost, in order to hydrate.
Hypothermia
Hypothermia is caused by diving in very cold or ice waters.
The classic symptoms include shivering, uncontrolled muscular
movements, involuntary contractions, lack of muscular coordination,
decrease in heart and breath rate and in some cases, unconsciousness.
In this case, hydrating the patient is also recommendable
with non alcoholic beverages, as is taking a hot bath at a
temperature of around 38º to 44ºC and keeping the
diver warm with dry blankets or clothes.
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